Vitamina B2 (riboflavina)
Vitamina B2 (riboflavina)
Che cos’è la vitamina B2 (riboflavina)
La vitamina B2, o riboflavina, fa parte delle vitamine cosiddette idrosolubili, ovvero le vitamine che si sciolgono in acqua e non vengono immagazzinate dal nostro organismo. La vitamina B2 è necessaria per la sintesi delle proteine, indispensabile per la produzione di energia e il corretto funzionamento del cervello. L’ampia diffusione della riboflavina negli alimenti sia di origine animale che vegetale spiega la rara insorgenza di una sua carenza alimentare. Il fabbisogno dell’uomo adulto è stimato intorno a 1,5 mg /die.
In quali alimenti è presente la vitamina B2?
La vitamina B2 è abbondante negli alimenti di origine animale (fegato, estratto di carne, pesce, ecc.) il latte e i suoi derivati, i legumi a foglia larga e i lieviti; il latte materno ne contiene 0,06 Mg/100 ml.
Fabbisogno giornaliero
Il fabbisogno quotidiano dell’adolescente e dell’adulto è stimato a 0,6 mg per 1000 kcal consumate, cioè circa 2 mg per un adulto di peso medio che abbia un’attività moderata. Il lattante richiede 0,9 mg al giorno, fabbisogno soddisfatto dal latte materno.
Carenza di vitamina B2
La carenza di vitamina B2 nell’uomo non ha specifici segni caratteristici come avviene per altre vitamine, ad esempio l’acido ascorbico (scorbuto) e la vitamina PP (pellagra). Nello stato iniziale la carenza di vitamina B2 si manifesta con senso di debolezza e fatica, mentre nello stato più avanzato si evidenziano cheilosi (lesioni alle labbra) stomatite angolare (ragadi e macerazione in corrispondenza delle commessure labiali), dermatite, vascolarizzazione corneale ed anemia. Il rischio di carenza vitaminica è presente in caso di ipotiroidismo, poiché gli ormoni tiroidei favoriscono la conversione della flavochinasi nella forma attiva. La vitamina B2 è un composto fotolabile; per questo i neonati con iperbilirubinemia, trattati con fototerapia, necessitano di supplementazione durante di trattamento.
La vitamina B2 è sensibile al calore e alla luce?
La riboflavina è idrosolubile e termostabile a secco e in soluzione acida; non è distrutta dalla cottura della carne, ma la pastorizzazione e l’irradiazione del latte la distruggono.
Trattamento
Somministrazione di 40/50 mg di riboflavina per via orale o intramuscolare (se il paziente non può mangiare); poi correzione della dieta alimentare.
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